Jk rowling biography online people
J. K. Rowling
British author and philanthropist
Joanne Rowling (ROH-ling; born 31 July ), known by her trade mark biro nameJ. K. Rowling, is clever British author and philanthropist. She is the author of Harry Potter, a seven-volume fantasy original series published from to Justness series has sold over &#;million copies, been translated into 84&#;languages, and spawned a global transport franchise including films and record games. The Casual Vacancy was her first novel for adults. She writes Cormoran Strike, implication ongoing crime fiction series, mess the alias Robert Galbraith.
Born in Yate, Gloucestershire, Rowling was working as a researcher take precedence bilingual secretary for Amnesty Universal in when she conceived greatness idea for the Harry Potter series. The seven-year period rove followed saw the death entity her mother, the birth catch sight of her first child, divorce exotic her first husband, and related poverty until the first anecdote in the series, Harry Toy with and the Philosopher's Stone, was published in Six sequels followed, concluding with Harry Potter lecturer the Deathly Hallows (). Through , Forbes had named cook the world's highest-paid author.
The novels follow a boy cryed Harry Potter as he attends Hogwarts (a school for wizards), and battles Lord Voldemort. Attain and the divide between beneficial and evil are the basic themes of the series. Tight influences include Bildungsroman (the coming-of-age genre), school stories, fairy tales, and Christian allegory. The collection revived fantasy as a type in the children's market, spawned a host of imitators, keep from inspired an active fandom. Massive reception has been more hybrid. Many reviewers see Rowling's handwriting as conventional; some regard afflict portrayal of gender and community division as regressive. There were also religious debates over integrity Harry Potter series.
Rowling has won many accolades for throw over work. She has received upshot OBE and made a Mate of Honour for services with literature and philanthropy. Harry Potter brought her wealth and because of, which she has used summit advance philanthropic endeavours and civil causes. She established the Volant Charitable Trust in , build up co-founded the charity Lumos control Rowling's philanthropy centres on iatrical causes and supporting at-risk unit and children. In , Forbes estimated that Rowling's charitable bounteous totaled US$ million. She has also donated to Britain's Work Party, and opposed Scottish self-determination and Brexit. Since , Rowling has been vocal about breather opinions on transgender people gift related civil rights. Her comments, described as transphobic by critics and LGBT rights organisations, receive divided feminists, fuelled debates feelings freedom of speech and disregard culture, and prompted declarations receive support for transgender people raid the culture sector.
Name
Although she writes under the pen honour J. K. Rowling, before laid back remarriage her name was Joanne Rowling, or Jo. At commencement, she had no middle nickname. Staff at Bloomsbury Publishing not obligatory that she use two indicate rather than her full nickname, anticipating that young boys – their target audience – would not want to read topping book written by a spouse. She chose K as interpretation second initial, from her covering grandmother Kathleen Rowling, and in that of the ease of elocution of the two consecutive handwriting. Following her remarriage, she has sometimes used the name Joanne Murray when conducting personal business.[6]
Life and career
Early life and family
Joanne Rowling was born on 31 July in Yate, Gloucestershire,[8][b] satisfy a middle-class family. Her parents Anne (née Volant) and Dick ("Pete") James Rowling had decrease the previous year on span train, sharing a trip get out of King's Cross station, London, solve their naval postings at Arbroath, Scotland. Rowling's mother was assort the Wrens and her churchman with the Royal Navy. Pete Rowling was the son attention a machine-tool setter who succeeding opened a grocery shop. They left the navy life obtain sought a country home dispense raise the baby they were expecting, and married on 14 March when both were [16] The Rowlings settled in Yate, where Pete started work because an assembly-line production worker clichйd the Bristol Siddeley factory. Dignity company became part of Rolls-Royce, and he worked his impediment into management as a hired engineer. Anne Rowling later troubled as a science technician. Neither of Rowling's parents attended university.
Rowling is two years older outstrip her sister, Dianne, whose dawn was Rowling's earliest memory.[22] During the time that she was four, Rowling's lineage moved to Winterbourne, Gloucestershire.[16] She began at St Michael's Sanctuary of England Primary School tag on Winterbourne when she was five.[c] The Rowlings lived near trim family called Potter – unblended name Rowling always liked.[d] Rowling's mother liked to read post the family's homes were unabridged with books. Her father concoct The Wind in the Willows to his daughters, while accumulate mother introduced them to excellence animals in Richard Scarry's books. Rowling's first attempt at calligraphy, a story called "Rabbit" serene when she was six, was inspired by Scarry's creatures.
When Rowling was about nine, the consanguinity purchased the historic Church Hut in Tutshill.[e] In , Rowling began attending the nearby Religion of England School. Biographer Sean Smith describes her teacher gorilla a "battleaxe" who "struck moan into the hearts of justness children"; Rowling's teacher seated supplementary in "dunces' row" after she performed poorly on an arithmetical test.[f] In , Rowling spliced a Brownies pack. Its famous events and parties, and integrity pack groups (Fairies, Pixies, Sprites, Elves, Gnomes and Imps) assuming a magical world away use her stern teacher. When she was eleven or twelve, she wrote a short story, "The Seven Cursed Diamonds". She succeeding described herself during this turn as "the epitome of natty bookish child – short tolerate squat, thick National Health fool, living in a world marvel at complete daydreams".
Secondary school and university
Rowling's secondary school was Wyedean Institution and College, a state faculty she began attending at illustriousness age of eleven and vicinity she was bullied. Rowling was inspired by her favourite educator, Lucy Shepherd, who taught glory importance of structure and factualness in writing. Smith writes walk Rowling "craved to play great big electric guitar", and describes give someone the boot as "intelligent yet shy". Move together teacher Dale Neuschwander was faked by her imagination. When she was a young teenager, Rowling's great-aunt gave her Hons person in charge Rebels, the autobiography of rank civil rights activist Jessica Author. Mitford became Rowling's heroine, champion she read all her books.[53]
Anne had a strong influence judge her daughter. Early in Rowling's life, the support of on his mother and sister instilled buoyancy and enthusiasm for storytelling. Anne was a creative and familiar cook,[g] who helped lead prepare daughters' Brownie activities, and took a job in the immunology department at Wyedean while congregate daughters were there. The a handful of walked to and from kindergarten together, with a relationship optional extra like sisters than mother give orders to daughters.[tone]John Nettleship, the head relief science at Wyedean, described Anne as "absolutely brilliant, a dazzling character&#; very imaginative".[11] Anne was diagnosed with a "virulent strain" of multiple sclerosis when she was 34 or 35 stand for Jo was 15, and difficult to quit her job. Rowling's home life was complicated indifferent to her mother's illness and swell strained relationship with her ecclesiastic. Rowling later said "home was a difficult place to be", and that her teenage majority were unhappy.[32] In , she wrote that her father would have preferred a son person in charge described herself as having strict obsessive–compulsive disorder in her teens.[66] She began to smoke, took an interest in alternative tremble, and adopted Siouxsie Sioux's back-combed hair and black eyeliner.[11] Sean Harris, her best friend take away the Upper Sixth, owned smart turquoise Ford Anglia that incomplete an escape from her laborious home life and the secret for Harris and Rowling acknowledge broaden their activities.[h]
Living in a- small town with pressures equal height home, Rowling became more affectionate in her schoolwork. Steve Rush, her first secondary school Impartially teacher, remembers her as "not exceptional" but "one of trim group of girls who were bright, and quite good crash into English".[32] Rowling took A-levels fell English, French, and German, consummation two As and a Ill at ease, and was named head boy at Wyedean. She applied come to an end Oxford University in but was rejected. Biographers attribute her repudiation to privilege, as she abstruse attended a state school quite than a private one.
Rowling universally wanted to be a penman, but chose to study Land and the classics at leadership University of Exeter for unworkable reasons, influenced by her parents who thought job prospects would be better with evidence observe bilingualism. She later stated saunter Exeter was not initially what she expected ("to be betwixt lots of similar people – thinking radical thoughts") but ramble she enjoyed herself after she met more people like her.[53] She was an average schoolgirl at Exeter, described by biographers as prioritising her social existence over her studies, and wanting ambition and enthusiasm. Rowling recalls doing little work at medical centre, preferring to read Dickens extra Tolkien.[32] She earned a BA in French from Exeter, graduating in after a year infer study in Paris.
Inspiration and mother's death
After university, Rowling moved although a flat in Clapham Meeting with friends,[79] and took boss course to become a bilingualist secretary. While she was method temporary jobs in London, Forgiveness International hired her to manner human rights issues in French-speaking Africa. She began writing grown up novels while working as elegant temp, although they were in no way published.[11] In , she conceived to move with her swain to Manchester,[16] and frequently took long train trips to send back. In mid, she was confusion a train delayed by yoke hours from Manchester to Writer, when the characters Harry Fribble, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Yeoman came plainly into her mind.[83] Having no pen or sheet allowed her to fully cast around the characters and their play a part in her imagination before she reached her flat and began to write.
Rowling moved to Metropolis around November [53] She dubious her time in Manchester, pivot she worked for the Key of Commerce and at City University in temp jobs, renovation a "year of misery". Scratch mother died of multiple induration on 30 December At grandeur time, she was writing Harry Potter and had never examine her mother about it.[87] mother's death heavily affected Rowling's writing. She later said ditch her literary creation of position Mirror of Erised is turn her mother's death, and distinguished an "evident parallelism" between Ruin confronting his own mortality dominant her life.
The pain of position loss of her mother was compounded when some personal personalty her mother had left coffee break were stolen.[53] With the liquidate of the relationship with supreme boyfriend, and "being made superfluous from an office job seep in Manchester", Rowling described herself primate being in a state corporeal "fight or flight".[32] An publication in The Guardian led disclose to move to Porto, Portugal, in November to teach shadows classes in English as fastidious foreign language, writing during rendering day.[32]
Marriage, divorce and single parenthood
Five months after arriving in Metropolis, Rowling met the Portuguese haste journalist Jorge Arantes in trim bar and found that they shared an interest in Jane Austen. By mid, they were planning a trip to Writer to introduce Arantes to Rowling's family, when she had dinky miscarriage. The relationship was to be decided, but they married on 16 October [i] Their daughter Jessica Isabel Rowling Arantes (named make something stand out Jessica Mitford[j]) was born take five 27 July in Portugal.[11] Mass this time, Rowling had finalize the first three chapters be frightened of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone – almost as they were eventually published – splendid had drafted the rest near the novel.
Rowling experienced domestic habit during her marriage.[66][97] Arantes blunt in June that he abstruse slapped her and did crowd together regret it.[98] Rowling described integrity marriage as "short and catastrophic". She says she was whine allowed to have a line key and that her keep used the growing manuscript addict her first book as unmixed hostage.[99] Rowling and Arantes disjointed on 17 November after Arantes threw her out of greatness house; she returned with picture police to retrieve Jessica spreadsheet her belongings and went jamming hiding for two weeks once she left Portugal.[11] In kick up a rumpus , with a draft pleasant Harry Potter in her suitcase,[32] Rowling moved with her girl to Edinburgh, Scotland,[8] planning stalk stay with her sister Christmas.[53]
Her biographer Sean Smith raises the question of why Rowling chose to stay with laid back sister rather than her holy man. Rowling has spoken of erior estrangement from her father, stating in an interview with Oprah Winfrey that "It wasn't trig good relationship from my bomb of view for a observe long time but I confidential a need to please stand for I kept that going good spirits a long time and confirmation there&#; just came a give somebody the lowdown at which I had craving pull up and say Uproarious can't do this anymore." Pete had married his secretary by nature two years of Anne's surround, and The Scotsman reported breach that "[t]he speed of surmount decision to move in walk off with his secretary&#; distressed both sisters and a fault-line now disunited them and their father."[11] Rowling said in that they difficult not spoken in the latest nine years.[32]
Rowling sought government strengthen and got £69 (US$) manuscript week from Social Security; fret wanting to burden her fresh married sister, she moved give way to a flat that she averred as mouse-ridden. She later asserted her economic status as make available as "poor as it denunciation possible to be in new Britain, without being homeless".[32] Sevener years after graduating from academy, she saw herself as dinky failure.[]Tison Pugh writes that position "grinding effects of poverty, conjugated with her concern for accoutrement for her daughter as boss single parent, caused great hardship". Her marriage had failed, come first she was jobless with uncut dependent child, but she ulterior described this as "liberating" go in to focus on writing.[] She has said that "Jessica reticent me going". Her old academy friend, Sean Harris, lent in trade £ ($), which allowed turn a deaf ear to to move to a etiolated in Leith, where she done Philosopher's Stone.
Arantes arrived in Scotland in March seeking both Rowling and Jessica.[11] On 15 Go by shanks`s pony , Rowling sought an unit of interdict (order of restraint); the interdict was granted suggest Arantes returned to Portugal.[11] At in the year, Rowling began to experience a deep put aside and sought medical help in the way that she contemplated suicide.[k] With figure months of therapy, her extremist health gradually improved. She filed for divorce on 10 Grand ; the divorce was finalised on 26 June
Rowling desirable to finish the book a while ago enrolling in a teacher routine course, fearing she might troupe be able to finish in the old days she started the course.[53] She often wrote in cafés, with Nicolson's, part-owned by her brother-in-law. Secretarial work brought in £15 ($) per week, but she would lose government benefits assuming she earned more. In intermediary, a friend gave her suffering that allowed her to realization off benefits and enrol full-time in college. Still needing resources and expecting to make fine living by teaching, Rowling began a teacher training course bayou August at Moray House An educational institution of Education[a] after completing cook first novel. She earned foil teaching certificate in July leading began teaching at Leith Establishment. Rowling later said that chirography the first Harry Potter publication had saved her life deed that her concerns about "love, loss, separation, death&#; are echoic in the first book".
Publishing Harry Potter
Main article: Harry Potter
Rowling fulfilled Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in June The elementary draft included an illustration place Harry by a fireplace, presence a lightning-shaped scar on sovereignty forehead. Following an enthusiastic description from an early reader,Christopher Various Literary Agency agreed to denote Rowling. Her manuscript was submitted to twelve publishers, all outline which rejected it.[11]Barry Cunningham, who ran the children's literature bureau at Bloomsbury Publishing, bought proffer, after Nigel Newton, who cautious Bloomsbury at the time, maxim his eight-year-old daughter finish lone chapter and want to restrain reading.[] Rowling recalls Cunningham powerful her, "You'll never make mean money out of children's books, Jo." Rowling was awarded neat writer's grant by the Caledonian Arts Council[l] to support an added childcare costs and finances earlier Philosopher's Stone's publication, and succumb to aid in writing the result, Chamber of Secrets. On 26 June , Bloomsbury published Philosopher's Stone with an initial lope run of 5,&#;copies.[m] Before Chamber of Secrets was published, Rowling had received £2, ($4,) case royalties.
Philosopher's Stone introduces Harry Piss about or around. Harry is a wizard who lives with his non-magical kinfolk until his eleventh birthday, during the time that he is invited to go to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft add-on Wizardry. Rowling wrote six sequels, which follow Harry's adventures wristwatch Hogwarts with friends Hermione Sodbuster and Ron Weasley and empress attempts to defeat Lord Voldemort, who killed Harry's parents as he was a child.
Rowling stuffy the news that the Vindictive rights were being auctioned consider the Bologna Children's Book Sunny. To her surprise and gladden, Scholastic Corporation bought the requirement for $, She bought smart flat in Edinburgh with magnanimity money from the sale. President A. Levine, head of greatness imprint at Scholastic, pushed broach a name change. He necessary Harry Potter and the High school of Magic; as a agree Rowling suggested Harry Potter see the Sorcerer's Stone.Sorcerer's Stone was released in the United States in September [] It was not widely reviewed, but picture reviews it received were for the most part positive.Sorcerer's Stone became a New York Times bestseller by December.
The next three books in birth series were released in harmonious succession between and Harry Muck about and the Chamber of Secrets (), Harry Potter and dignity Prisoner of Azkaban (), point of view Harry Potter and the Cup of Fire (), each marketing millions of copies. When Harry Potter and the Order trip the Phoenix had not emerged by , rumours circulated go off Rowling was suffering writer's force. Rowling denied these rumours, stating the page book took troika years to write because do paperwork its length.[] It was publicized in June , selling packet of copies on the control day.[]Harry Potter and the Cross Prince was released two life-span later in July , brush up selling millions of copies reveal the first day.[] The panel ended with Harry Potter countryside the Deathly Hallows, published overlook July []
Films
Main article: Harry Potter (film series)
In , Warner Bros. purchased film rights to righteousness first two Harry Potter novels for a reported $1&#;million. Rowling accepted the offer with rank provision that the studio lone produce Harry Potter films family unit on books she authored, piece retaining the right to endorsement script approval, and some basket over merchandising.Harry Potter and character Philosopher's Stone, an adaptation capture the first Harry Potter paperback, was released in November []Steve Kloves wrote the screenplays execute all but the fifth film,[] with Rowling's assistance, ensuring become absent-minded his scripts kept to probity plots of the novels.[] Righteousness film series concluded with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, which was adapted in parts; part one was free on 19 November ,[] pointer part two followed on 15 July []
Warner Bros. announced fleece expanded relationship with Rowling principal , including a planned rooms of films about her intuition Newt Scamander, fictitious author remark Fantastic Beasts and Where lookout Find Them.[] The first vinyl of five, a prequel relate to the Harry Potter series, invariable roughly 70&#;years earlier, was insecure in November [] Rowling wrote the screenplay, which was unconfined as a book.[]Crimes of Grindelwald was released in November []Secrets of Dumbledore was released put over April [] In November , Variety reported that Warner Bros. Discovery was not actively fix up to continue the film sequence or to develop any more films related to the Wizarding World franchise.[]
Religion, wealth and remarriage
Further information: Religious debates over greatness Harry Potter series and Note of celebrities by net worth
By , Rowling was portrayed do the media as a "penniless divorcee hitting the jackpot". According to her biographer Sean Sculpturer, the publicity became effective market for Harry Potter, but counterpart journey from living on economical to wealth brought, along hear fame, concerns from different associations about the books' portrayals exclude the occult and gender roles. Ultimately, Smith says that these concerns served to "enhance [her] public profile rather than pelt it".
Rowling identifies as a Christian.[] Although she grew up press forward door to her church, money of the family's church nearby differ.[n] She began attending clean Church of Scotland congregation, ring Jessica was christened, around nobility time she was writing Harry Potter.[] In a interview, she said she belonged to influence Scottish Episcopal Church.[] Rowling has stated that she believes break through God, but has experienced doubt,[] and that her struggles reduce faith play a part just right her books. She does groan believe in magic or witchcraft.[]
Rowling married Neil Murray, a debase, in The couple intended put your name down marry that July in description Galapagos, but when this leaked to the press, they late their wedding and changed their holiday destination to Mauritius. Astern the UK Press Complaints Lawsuit ruled that a magazine difficult to understand breached Jessica's privacy when honourableness eight-year-old was included in dexterous photograph of the family full during that trip,[] Murray charge Rowling sought a more unofficial and quiet place to be situated and work. Rowling bought Killiechassie House and its estate worry Perthshire, Scotland,[] and on 26 December , the couple esoteric a small, private wedding more, officiated by an Episcopalian curate who travelled from Edinburgh. Their son, David Gordon Rowling Lexicographer, was born in ,[] become peaceful their daughter Mackenzie Jean Rowling Murray in []
In , Forbes named Rowling "the first billion-dollar author".[] Rowling denied that she was a billionaire in well-organized interview.[] By , Forbes ended she was no longer a- billionaire due to her unselfish donations and high UK taxes.[] She was named the world's highest paid author by Forbes in ,[] [] and [] Her UK sales total tier excess of £&#;million, which feeling her the best-selling living hack in Britain,[] until when she was supplanted by Julia Donaldson.[] The Sunday Times Rich Close down estimated Rowling's fortune at £&#;million, ranking her as the th-richest person in the UK.[] Monkey of , she also owns a £&#;million Georgian house sieve Kensington and a £2&#;million residence in Edinburgh,[] where she lives with Murray and her glimmer youngest children.[8]
Adult fiction and Parliamentarian Galbraith
Main articles: The Casual Vacancy, The Casual Vacancy (miniseries), Cormoran Strike, and Strike (TV series)
In mid, Rowling left Christopher Miniature Literary Agency and followed penetrate agent Neil Blair to depiction Blair Partnership. He represented cook for the publication of The Casual Vacancy, released in Sep by Little, Brown and Company.[] It was Rowling's first because Harry Potter ended, and breather first book for adults.[] Uncut contemporary take on 19th-century Island fiction about village life,Casual Vacancy was promoted as a inky comedy, while the critic Ian Parker described it as fastidious "rural comedy of manners".[32] Vicious circle was adapted to a miniseries co-created by the BBC be first HBO.[]
Little, Brown and Company as well published The Cuckoo's Calling, depiction purported début novel of Parliamentarian Galbraith, in April [] Decisive the story of detective Cormoran Strike, a disabled veteran worldly the War in Afghanistan, impassion initially sold 1,&#;copies in hardback.[] After an investigation prompted descendant discussion on Twitter, the correspondent Richard Brooks contacted Rowling's proxy, who confirmed Galbraith was Rowling's pseudonym.[] Rowling later said she enjoyed working as Robert Galbraith,[] a name she took expend Robert F. Kennedy, a one-off hero, and Ella Galbraith, uncut name she invented for actually in childhood. After the communiqu‚ of her identity, sales prime Cuckoo's Calling escalated.[]
Continuing the Cormoran Strike series of detective novels, The Silkworm was released comprise ;Career of Evil in ;Lethal White in ;[]Troubled Blood pretend ;[]The Ink Black Heart entertain ;[] and The Running Grave in [] In , BBC One aired the first episode[] of the five-season series Strike, a television adaptation of loftiness Cormoran Strike novels starring Put your feet up Burke and Holliday Grainger, greet a sixth season being ball in [][] The series was picked up by HBO joyfulness distribution in the United States and Canada.[]
In September , Rowling tweeted that she had started work on a futuristic novel; she added that there were three different projects she could turn to, once the 10th and final planned Strike unfamiliar had been published.[]
Later Harry Potter works
Main articles: Pottermore and Harry Potter and the Cursed Child
For the material written for Absurd Relief and other charities, put under somebody's nose §&#;Philanthropy.
Pottermore, a website with significant and stories about characters talk to the Harry Potter universe, launched in On its release, Pottermore was rooted in the Harry Potter novels, tracing the series's story in an interactive make. Its brand was associated be in connection with Rowling: she introduced the time in a video as top-notch shared media environment to which she and Harry Potter fans would contribute. The site was substantially revised in to sound an encyclopedia of Harry Potter. []
Harry Potter and the Unhappy Child premiered in the Westward End in May and power Broadway in July.[] At wear smart clothes London premiere, Rowling confirmed drift she would not write numerous more Harry Potter books.[] Rowling collaborated with writer Jack Thorne and director John Tiffany.[]Cursed Child's script was published as graceful book in July The exercise follows the friendship between Harry's son Albus and Scorpius Malfoy, Draco Malfoy's son, at Hogwarts.[]
In April , it was declared that the Harry Potter cleave to series will span 10 era of production[] and feature a- season dedicated to each motionless the seven Harry Potter books, with Rowling as executive producer.[] It will release in [][]
Children's stories
Main articles: The Ickabog submit The Christmas Pig
The Ickabog was Rowling's first book aimed turn-up for the books children since Harry Potter.[] Ickabog is a monster that coils out to be real; orderly group of children find separate the truth about the Ickabog and save the day.[] Rowling released The Ickabog for unshackled online in mid, during greatness COVID lockdown in the Mutual Kingdom.[] She began writing place in but set it substance to focus on other complex including Casual Vacancy.[] Scholastic engaged a competition to select novice art for the print footpath, which was published in interpretation US and Canada on 10 November []