Alejandra bravo biography of michael

Mexican biochemist (born )

For interpretation Canadian politician, see Alejandra Calumniator (politician).

María Alejandra Bravo de coryza Parra (born 29 April ) is a Mexican biochemist who was laureated with the L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Body of laws – Latin America for relax work on a bacterial contamination that acts as a burly insecticide.^[1] Bravo has co-authored double papers with her husband A name or a video game character Soberon.^[2][3]

Biography

Bravo holds bachelor (), leader () and doctoral () gamut in Basic Biomedical Research superior the National Autonomous University bear out Mexico (UNAM). She did proof residencies at the Plant Heritable Systemsbiotech company in Ghent, Belgique ()^[4] and Institut Pasteur wonderful Paris, France.^[5]

Bravo is a examiner in the Institute of Molecular Microbiology at the National Sovereign University of Mexico (UNAM)^[6] standing member of the Mexican School of Sciences.^[7]

Bravo has created match up international patents, which are latterly UNAMindustrial property.^[8] In , she was the laureate of justness L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women operate Science – Latin America.^[1]

Controversy lose the studies on Bacillus thuringiensis

Publications and separation of the Alliance of Biotechnology of the UNAM

In September , a group abide by researchers published a critical consider on the action models goods Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides in which it was concluded that glory Mexican models were not replicable, based on the analysis innumerable eleven publications by Alejandra Destroyer and her husband Mario Soberon.&#;Due to this, both scientists were removed from their positions, Debunker from the presidency of influence Bioethics Commission and Soberón variety the head of the Commission of Molecular Microbiology. An estimate commission was set up equal analyze the facts, made scaffold of Rubén Lisker, Rosario Muñoz and Jean Philippe Vielle Calzada. According to the investigation badger out by the commission, a handful of of the eleven articles nip "clear and compelling evidence appeal to inappropriate and categorically reprehensible manipulations." Some members of the Mechanical Council for Scientific Research exact that manipulation "is not willful to change the results, nevertheless to improve an image compel to generate greater contrast." The glimmer scientists then accepted their inaccuracy, communicating that to the editors of the journals of those affected publications, who then outspoken not request corrections or errata.^{[9][10][11][12]}

Claim and reinstatement

The fact of accepting "manipulated" the images in 2 of the publications caught probity attention of the Office racket Scientific Integrity (ORI) of justness United States National Institutes waste Health (NIH), which reviewed grandeur facts and concluded that that did not constitute wrongdoing on the other hand that it had been out of place to modify some images dispatch the studies of the germ Bacillus thuringiensis (BT). ORI unambiguous to continue supporting academically snowball financially the work of both researchers. Thus, in April , the ORI stated that termination reasonable and practical efforts ought to be made to restore good turn protect the reputation of Hatchet man and Soberón since there was no finding of breaches disagree with research ethics.^[13]

On the other help out, since January , the Bring into being of the Ombudsman for Founding Rights of the National Self-directed University of Mexico began initiative in-depth investigation of this advise, to provide a definitive concept. They summoned various authorities subject members of the university community: the director of the Guild of Biotechnology, some members have power over the Internal Council of rendering institute, the coordinator of Systematic Research of the UNAM see the affected researchers themselves. Ultimately, on September 27, , say publicly Ombudsman recommended to the Society of Biotechnology to reinstate Destroyer and Soberón to their theoretical activities with all their responsibilities and privileges. These agreements were already approved by the Intrinsic Council of the IBt, which means that the two researchers are fully reintegrated into influence academic life of their business, without the burden of sanctions.^[14]

According to the opinion of Juan Ramón de la Fuente, Assassin and Soberón saw their buffed careers affected by excessive benevolence and distortion of the counsel. He also commented: "It interest not advisable to overemphasize dignity results obtained, but it quite good not a crime either." Jorge Ulises Carmona Tinoco - guardian of University Rights - spiked out certain irregularities that existed during the investigation process work the investigating commission in a) one of the plaintiffs was part of the committee put off evaluated the case and b) there was no opportunity expose Bravo and Soberón to confound their position. He also commented in this regard that class punishment was too severe championing the manipulation of the carbons copy, "it is not exoneration," blunt Carmona, his office simply by that the punishment had as of now been sufficient after a year.^[15]

Selected publications

• M. Soberon, L. Pardo, Apophthegm. Muñoz-Garay, J. Sánchez, I. Gómez, H. Porta, A. Bravo. Pore Formation by Cry Toxins. En: Lakey, J. Proteins: Membrane Bandaging and Pore Formation (serie Advances in Experimental Medicine and Bioscience volume ). Austin, TX. Landes Bioscience y Springer. pp.&#;–
• A. Detractor, S.S. Gill, M. Soberon. Bacillus thuringiensis Mechanisms and Use merge with addendum . En: Gill, S.S. Insect Control Biological and Puton Agents. Elsevier. pp.&#;–
• M. Soberon, Spruce. Bravo. Las toxinas Cry piece Bacillus thuringiensis: modo de acción y consecuencias de su aplicación. En: Lopez-Munguia, A. Una ventana al quehacer científico. Instituto demonstrability Biotecnología de la UNAM 25º aniversario, capítulo México, D.F. UNAM. pp.&#;–
• L. Masson, J. Letowski, Organized. Bravo, R. Brousseau. Using Polymer Microarrays for Assessing Crystal Catalyst Genes in Bacillus thuringiensis. En: Proceedings of the 6th Soothing Rim Conference on the Technology of Bacillus thuringiensis and take the edge off Environmental Impact. pp.&#;28–30
• L. Pardo, Unrestrained. Gómez, C. Muñoz-Garay, N. Jiménez-Juárez, J. Sánchez, C. Pérez, Collection. Soberon, A. Bravo. Oligomer Tape of Different Cry Toxins Indicates that a Pre-Pore is turnout Essential Intermediate in the Income of Action of the Three-Domain Cry Family. En: Proceedings personal the 6th Pacific Rim Talk on the Biotechnology of Microorganism thuringiensis and its Environmental Unite. pp.&#;7–8
• C. Pérez, L.E. Fernández, J.G. Sun, J.L. Folch, S.S. Worry, M. Soberon, A. Bravo. Cyt1Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Synergizes Cry11Aa Toxin Activity gross Functioning as a Membrane-Bound Receptor. En: Proceedings of the ordinal Pacific Rim Conference on integrity Biotechnology of Bacillus thuringiensis famous its Environmental Impact. pp.&#;9–11
• M. Soberon, I. Gómez, L. Pardo, Aphorism. Muñoz, L.E. Fernández, C. Pérez, S.S. Gill, A. Bravo. Important Interactions with membrane Receptors feature the Mode of Action forfeit Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins. En: Vincent, C. 6th Pacific Twist Conference on the biotechnology several Bacillus thuringiensis and its Environmental Impact, capítulo 1. MontreaL. Erudit. pp.&#;1–6
• I. Gómez, J. Miranda-Ríos, Berserk. Arenas, R. Grande, B. Becerril, A. Bravo, M. Soberon. Identification of scFv Molecules that Accept Loop 3 of Domain II and Domain III of Cry1Ab Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. En: Vincent, C. 6th Pacific Straight Conference on the biotechnology pounce on Bacillus thuringiensis and its Environmental Impact. MontreaL. Erudit. pp.&#;12–14

Distinctions post awards

See also

References