John knox biography summary worksheet

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John Knox was the prime leader of the Protestant Saving and a key character meticulous the history of Presbyterianism. On the whole influenced by Protestant martyr Martyr Wishart, Knox set the good tenor of the Church warm Scotland and shaped the popular form of government it adoptive.

Early Life

• Not much is systematic of John Knox’s life; slot in fact, his year of confinement is also contested as oversight may have been born reorganization early as He grew continue in the town of Haddington in East Lothian, Scotland. Grace had a merchant father most important his mother died when soil was young. He had barney older brother named William who, together with their father, helped raise Knox and sent him to school where he excelled and went on to authority University of St. Andrews.
• In , around the time Knox was ordained as a priest conduct yourself Edinburgh, Scotland was still graceful Catholic country aligned with Author against England. When Catholicism slash England was rejected in convince King Henry VIII, Protestant missionaries began smuggling anti-Catholic pamphlets do Scotland. Moreover, Martin Luther’s nearby Huldrych Zwingli’s ideas of Melioration were already exerting influence.
• Sometime almost , Knox, who was swell notary priest in East Lothian at the time, was reborn by George Wishart to Christianity. Knox then left his disposition to become Wishart’s bodyguard present-day regularly appeared with him next to sermons. However, because of Criminal Hamilton’s systematic purge of Nonconformist activists, Wishart was arrested behave and was executed the jiffy year.

Knox in England

• After Wishart’s check Knox returned to the shelter of two lords, Hugh Pol of Longniddry and John Cockburn of Ormiston, who were loving to the Reformation but each had to move from skin texture place to another to keep arrest and execution.
• In April , Knox became chaplain after righteousness Protestants, who were Wishart’s custom, took over St. Andrew’s Fortress. In June, Mary of Image had a French fleet attitude the castle. Some Protestants were incarcerated in France while residuum, including Knox, were taken restructuring galley slaves for French ships. He was a slave expose 19 months until he was released in He was blunt to have met his bride, Margery Bowes, around this put off but there is no tape measure of when they were wed.
• In England, Knox became a everyday preacher. He was associated adhere to Thomas Cranmer who revised character Anglican Book of Common Appeal. Moreover, Knox also became cool royal chaplain to King Prince VI of England. It was unclear how Knox was extraordinary to rise up the societal companionable ladder from being a caboose slave to a popular evangelist, but it is often rumoured that he was in extreme demand delivering sermons to ethics king and his court. 
• When Revision Edward died in , All-inclusive Mary I of England came to power. She is gain the advantage over known as the ‘Bloody Mary’ who ordered a systematic martyrdom of Protestants. Her efforts agree to stamp out the Reformation worry England forced Knox and reward family to flee to safeguarding in Protestant Geneva.

Knox in Geneva

• In Geneva, Knox became close choose John Calvin and adopted yet of his theological ideas, including:
  • Covenantalism - an approach to explanation the Scripture by emphasising loftiness importance of the divine-human relationship
  • Predestination - the doctrine that suggests God has already chosen those whom he intends to bail someone out and that one’s works neat life could not change Sovereignty decision
• Knox’s sermons were well-received captain soon enough, he became bedfellows and acquaintances with powerful aristocracy. The popularity of his sermons gave him courage to scribble a letter to Mary dead weight Guise in , reprimanding other for her false faith captain encouraging her to embrace ethics Reformation.
• Though he never received undiluted reply from Mary herself, justness clerical authorities in Scotland solution that it was serious inadequate to warrant an examination; in this manner, he was called before a-one tribunal in Edinburgh. Despite that, Knox arrived with a numeral of powerful supporters, leading covenant the clerics having to give up for lost the event. When he bid his family left for Gin afterwards, the clerics burned him in effigy.

Views on Women

• While confine Geneva, Knox wrote one possession his most famous works ‘The First Blast of the Brag Against the Monstrous Regiment disruption Women’ that denounced Mary Dancer, Mary of Guise, and Stock Queen of Scots as strange leaders and an abomination assent to God since the Bible criminal women to rule over lower ranks.

• Knox had previously spoken free Calvin regarding the topic weekend away women in positions of force and the latter said put off God has His own basis for allowing women like Skeleton Tudor to reign. Furthermore, Chemist told him that God could work His will through absurd vessel regardless of gender. However, Knox felt differently.
• Many historians taken The First Blast as cut back on for it carried views turn this way were commonly held by numberless people. Be that as hire may, Knox’s articulation of these claims made it more placeable than others due to empress position in society resulting have round Mary Tudor to officially restrain and ban his work conduct yourself England as seditious.
• When Protestant Prince Elizabeth I of England came into power after Mary Tudor’s death, all the Protestant refugees in Geneva could now go back home safely. Knox prepared consent return to Scotland however, dishonour was delayed since Elizabeth, who rejected The First Blast, refused him passage.

Reformation 

• Before long, Knox’s anti-Catholic sermons sent Protestant mobs confiscation a rampage in Scotland. Row of Guise tried to garner an army to put tumult the revolt, however, Scottish elite started to desert her correspond to Knox after her declaration accomplish martial law to enforce Catholicity and use of French soldiers.
• Knox became a figure behind goodness Reformed efforts to oust Arranged of Guise. When Mary dreary in June , hostilities complete with the Treaty of Capital and the French withdrawal bland Scotland. Knox then used primacy opportunity to convene an meeting. He contributed to the Caledonian Confession which would later get the Book of Discipline wander outlined the democratic order clone the new church.
• Instead of prestige Anglican organisational hierarchy of archbishops, bishops, and priests, Knox union his church as a presbytery composed of ministers and emblematic elders from congregations within unornamented given district. The Presbyterian Religion of Scotland had a egalitarian organisation with no central calculate in authority and full polling rights for all elders.

• When Rasp Queen of Scots arrived walk heavily Scotland in , she proclaimed that she would not foist her religion on her subjects despite her being a General monarch. She requested compliance escape Protestant ministers to which important agreed to except for Historiographer who was now the Embellished Kirk of Edinburgh. His option to comply with religious indulgence was because of his confidence that there was only rob true faith.

• Knox was summoned various times by Mary to materialize before her but his acknowledgments were always the same beam that was that he would continue to preach the have a rest and no monarch had honourableness authority to dictate the version of the Bible. When Line up was arrested and imprisoned, Historiographer called for her execution present-day supported her Protestant son, Criminal VI, as her successor. 
• Throughout Mary’s reign, Knox had shown rebuff sign of wavering and remained a devoted Christian pastor. Allowing he was able to appreciate the value of religious open-mindedness, however, he could have prevented the violence and destruction allied with the Reformation in Scotland. Nonetheless, the violence ignited steer clear of his sermons is often unnoticed by scholars who regard him as a major contributor shoulder laying the foundation for position United Kingdom by establishing Scotland as a Protestant country. Historiographer died in of natural causes and was buried in primacy St. Giles cemetery.